According to Burns and Stalker, which of the following is a feature of organic organizations?
1.A specific hierarchical structure.
2.Prestige drawn from personal contribution.
3.Emphasis on vertical communication channels.
4.Knowledge requirement based on job.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:38:15
According to Mitchell, the purpose of motivational theories is to:
1.Control behavior.
2.Organize behavior.
3.Predict behavior.
4.Change behavior.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:36:56
Alfie Kohn suggests that for people to be motivated it is only necessary to provide the right :
1.Incentives.
2.Rewards.
3.Compensation.
4.Environment.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:36:25
Allocating extrinsic rewards for behavior that has been previously intrinsically rewarded tends to decrease the overall level of motivation, and is called:
1.Intrinsic Evaluation Theory.
2.Cognitive Evaluation Theory.
3.Motivational Evaluation Theory.
4.Extrinsic Evaluation Theory.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:32:11
An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task is called:
1.Self-importance.
2.Self-efficacy.
3.Self-actualization.
4.Self-worth.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:37:26
An individual's perception of whether performing at a particular level will lead to attainment of a desired outcome is termed:
1.Expectation.
2.Goal-setting.
3.Relevance.
4.Instrumentality.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:37:57
Chromic stress leads to ______
1.Serious health related problems.
2.A healthy life.
3.A happy life.
4.None of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:22:47
Company policy, administration, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are characterized as:
1.Motivating factors.
2.Growth factors.
3.Hygiene factors.
4.Esteem factors.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:30:32
Douglas McGregor's view that suggests that employees will exercise self-direction and self-control when they are committed to the objectives of the work is called:
1.Theory A.
2.Theory Y.
3.Theory B.
4.Theory Z.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:35:44
Employee discretion is inversely related to:
1.complexity.
2.standardization.
3.technology.
4.centralization.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:40:04
Equity theory of motivation focuses on:
1.The fact that people are influenced by the expected results of their actions.
2.People's perception of how they should perform in a given situation at work.
3.The motivational force involved in a person's actions at work.
4.People's expectation of the different outcomes for a given action.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:30:03
Expectancy theory is an example of a:
1.Process Theory.
2.Hierarchical Theory.
3.Needs Theory.
4.Cognitive Evaluation Theory.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:39:45
Fight or flight response included which of the following physiological changes?
1.Increased blood flow to brain and large muscle groups.
2.Pupils of the eye enlarge.
3.Palms of the hands and feet sweat.
4.all of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:18:55
How did Woodward come to suggest a normative theory about production organization?
1.Because different groups of firms had different organizational characteristics.
2.Because those with leaner, shorter hierarchies performed best.
3.Because the best-performing firms in each technological group had organizational characteristics that were similar to each other.
4.Because it became clear that firms should adapt their organization to match process technology.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:32:44
If there is low formalization, a comprehensive information network and high participation in decision-making, one would expect:
1.a typical government organization.
2.an organic structure.
3.a stable structure.
4.a bureaucracy
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:35:31
In a highly formalized organization, job behaviors are relatively:
1.programmed.
2.non-existent.
3.nonprogramed.
4.discretionary.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:31:41
In an organization that has high centralization:
1.all top-level officials are located within the same geographic area.
2.problems can be quickly and efficiently solved.
3.decision discretion is widely dispersed throughout the organization.
4.top managers make all the decisions-lower-level managers merely carry out directions.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:42:00
Management by objectives emphasizes participatively setting goals that are:
1.General in nature.
2.Easy to create and develop.
3.Approved by management.
4.Tangible, verifiable, and measurable.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:29:02
Most definitions of stress focus on
1.stressful events.
2.physiological changes.
3.emotional changes.
4.the relationship between the person and the environment.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:21:08
Needs and expectations at work are sometimes divided into two types:
1.Extrinsic/intrinsic.
2.Social/spiritual.
3.Effort/reward.
4.External/internal.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:28:15
Reinforcement learning is different from supervised learning, the kind of learning studied in most current research in
1.machine learning.
2.statistical pattern recognition.
3.artificial neural networks.
4.All of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:40:19
Stress can be defined as a negative emotional experience accompanied by
1.biochemical and physiological changes.
2.cognitive changes.
3.behavioral changes.
4.all of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:43:47
Stress is a normal physical response to events that make a person ________
1.Feel upset in some way.
2.Happy.
3.Excited.
4.None of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:26:40
Stress response can save our life by going us ______________ to defend ourselves.
1.Fear.
2.Extra strength.
3.Challenges.
4.None of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:25:03
Stress stops helping beyond a certain point and starts _____
1.Causing one to mature.
2.Causing major changes.
3.Causing major damage to one's health.
4.None of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:19:27
Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organization and among members of the organization. Which of the following does structure make possible?
1.The planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the activities of the organization.
2.The application of the process of management.
3.The creation of a framework of order and command.
4.all of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:42:50
The degree to which jobs within an organization are standardized is referred to as:
1.centralization.
2.job variation.
3.job classification.
4.formalization.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:33:49
The situation that causes stress are known as ______
1.Obesity.
2.Stressors.
3.Stress response.
4.None of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:18:14
The stress of the bodies reaction to danger is human as ________
1.Energy.
2.Stress response.
3.Imaginary.
4.None of these.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:20:31
The theory that an employee will compare his or her job inputs and outcomes relative to others is called:
1.Equity Theory.
2.Performance Theory.
3.Comparative Theory.
4.Inputs-Outputs Theory.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:34:25
The theory that individuals act depending upon their evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a reward, and whether that reward is attractive to them, is called:
1.Expectancy Theory.
2.Motivational Theory.
3.Equity Theory.
4.Empirical Theory.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:35:10
Theory X suggests that employees:
1.Dislike work.
2.Like their manager.
3.Dislike their manager.
4.None of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:29:30
What three words define motivation?
1.Desire, persistence, fairness.
2.Ambition, direction, intensity.
3.Persistence, fairness, ambition.
4.Intensity, direction, persistence.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:38:29
When jobs are grouped together based on a particular type of customer, this is known as:
1.centralization.
2.departmentalization.
3.work specialization
4.job structuring.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:37:25
Which answer corresponds to a person's internal desire to do something, due to such things as interest, challenge and personal satisfaction?
1.Theory Z.
2.Extrinsic motivators.
3.Theory X.
4.Intrinsic motivators.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:33:14
Which does not describe someone with a Type A personality?
1.Workaholic tendencies.
2.Less likely to react in a hostile or aggressive manner.
3.Impatience with anything that interferes with goal attainment.
4.Constant feeling of time urgency.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:27:46
Which extrinsic source of stress relates to a lack of feedback or erroneous feedback that is based on a poor system of performance appraisal?
1.Lack of career progress.
2.Poor employee appraisal and feedback.
3.Rapid changes in pace and content of work.
4.Role conflict and role ambiguity.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:20:01
Which extrinsic source of stress relates to an organization constantly trying new methods for processing work?
1.Poor working conditions.
2.Rapid changes in pace and content of work.
3.Job control and responsibility.
4.Work overload or work under load.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:23:38
Which individual stress management technique refers to an activity from which a person derives enjoyment?
1.Leisure activities.
2.Cognitive restructuring.
3.Relaxation training.
4.Time management.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:21:41
Which key skill was not mentioned by Kanter as needed by managers of innovative organizations?
1.Communicating.
2.Team leading.
3.Political.
4.Coping.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:34:39
Which of the following could be considered a stressor?
1.noise.
2.crowding.
3.commuting to work.
4.all of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:26:03
Which of the following is not true of span of control?
1.The technical content of jobs has little effect on the required span of control of supervisors.
2.High spans of control were found in supervision of line production.
3.It is the number of subordinates who report directly to a supervisor.
4.The average span of control affects the number of managers.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:36:30
Which of the following might be classified as functions of the ‘staff organization' as opposed to functions of the ‘line organization?
1.Computer support services.
2.Public relations.
3.Personnel.
4.all of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:40:57
Which of the following steps is important to improving expectancy?
1.Create the belief that effort is related to performance.
2.Ask employees what rewards they value.
3.Observe and recognize performance.
4.Deliver rewards as promised.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:31:44
Which of the following would be classified by Herzberg as a hygiene factor?
1.Personal growth.
2.Responsibility.
3.Promotion.
4.Company policy.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:39:05
Which organizational stressor relates to the impact produced by the establishment of unreachable goals given the time allotted to complete them?
1.Hierarchical structure.
2.Irrational deadlines.
3.Technology.
4.Size and management style.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:44:49
Which principal component in the general model of workplace stress relates to the employees' perception of a situation?
1.Social support.
2.Individual differences.
3.Perception of job demands.
4.None of the above.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:27:12
Which step in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory deals with achieving one's potential?
1.Esteem.
2.Safety.
3.Social.
4.Self-actualization.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:31:15
Which three of the following terms best describe the three levels in a hierarchical structure?
1.Missionary level.
2.Co-ordination level, Objective level.
3.Technical level, Community level.
4.Managerial level, Community level, Technical level.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 13:39:14
Who proposed that achievement, affiliation and power are three important needs that help explain motivation in workplace situations?
1.McGregor.
2.McClelland.
3.Herzberg.
4.Maslow.
Posted Date:-2021-10-30 14:33:49